Factors associated with depression and anxiety in children with intellectual disabilities

BackgroundIndividuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at increased risk for depression and anxiety disorders; however, there is a paucity of research that pertains to associative factors for these mental health disorders in this population. The objective of this investigation was to determine factors associated with depression and anxiety problems in children with ID.MethodsChildren 6–17 years with ID (n = 423; 63% male) from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health were included in this cross‐sectional study. Outcome measures included depression and anxiety problems. Predictor variables included sociodemographics, ID severity, co‐morbid conditions (autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder), physical factors (i.e. physical activity, sleep duration and pain) and social factors (e.g. participation in activities and bully victimisation). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association between all factors and depression and/or anxiety problems among children with ID.ResultsThe prevalence of depression and/or anxiety problems was 35.4%. After adjusting for sociodemographics, Hispanic race was associated with lower odds [odds ratio (OR), 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1–0.8] of depression and/or anxiety problems. After adjusting for race, co‐morbid conditions, and physical and social factors, autism spectrum disorders (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.1–10.1), Down syndrome (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.8), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.5–14.3), pain (OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 2.9–17.1) and bully victimisation (OR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0–5.3) were each associated with depression and/or anxiety problems.ConclusionsThe present study identified both treatable and modifiable, as well as unmodifiable, factors associated with depression and/or anxiety problems in children with ID.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149357/1/jir12583.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149357/2/jir12583_am.pd

Somatically ill persons’ self-nominated quality of life domains: review of the literature and guidelines for future studies

OBJECTIVE: To review which domains somatically ill persons nominate as constituting their QoL. Specific objective is to examine whether the method of enquiry affect these domains. METHODS: We conducted two literature searches in the databases PubMed/Medline, CINAHL and Psychinfo for qualitative studies examining patients' self-defined QoL domains using (1) SEIQoL and (2) study-specific questions. For each database, two researchers independently assessed the eligibility of the retrieved abstracts and three researchers subsequently classified all QoL domains. RESULTS: Thirty-six eligible papers were identified: 27 studies using the SEIQoL, and nine presenting data derived from study-specific questions. The influence of the method of enquiry on patients' self-nominated QoL domains appears limited: most domains were presented in both types of studies, albeit with different frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a comprehensive overview of somatically ill persons' self-nominated QoL domains. However, limitations inherent to reviewing qualitative studies (e.g., the varying level of abstraction of patients' self-defined QoL domains), limitations of the included studies and limitations inherent to the review process, hinder cross-study comparisons. Therefore, we provide guidelines to address shortcomings of qualitative reports amenable to improvement and to stimulate further improvement of conducting and reporting qualitative research aimed at exploring respondents' self-nominated QoL domains

Metopic synostosis

Premature closure of the metopic suture results in a growth restriction of the frontal bones, which leads to a skull malformation known as trigonocephaly. Over the course of recent decades, its incidence has been rising, currently making it the second most common type of craniosynostosis. Treatment consists of a cranioplasty, usually preformed before the age of 1 year. Metopic synostosis is linked with an increased level of neurodevelopmental delays. Theories on the etiology of these delays range from a reduced volume of the anterior cranial fossa to intrinsic malformations of the brain. This paper aims to provide an overview of this entity by giving an update on the epidemiology, etiology, evolution of treatment, follow-up, and neurodevelopment of metopic synostosis